2 2 marks can be awarded for a relevant conclusion. 2 marks = full conclusion . Hypothesis 3) There is a relationship between the pattern of eye movement and the reported content of the dream. Physiological: Paper 2 Questions | MindMeister Mind Map Excelling Psychology • to investigate the relationship between eye movements and dreaming (1) • to see if more dreaming happens during REM sleep than non-REM sleep (1) • to investigate whether there is a link between the length of time in REM Dement and Kleitman - Free Dessertations For Srudents From the . . 1 mark = partial conclusion . 9990 QR Dynamic Papers Psychology al Cambridge 3(b) Describe one conclusion from the study. P's were woken after 5 or 15 minutes of REM sleep. In conclusion, the method used in Dement and Kleitman's study lacked validity, however it could be put down too technology of the time, as an EEG machine may have had to be used in a lab setting. 3. [10] 4. results, findings, conclusions, strengths and weaknesses, ethics, and evaluation. Dement And Kleitman - (Sleep And Dreaming) Flashcards by ... In relation to the first research question, Dement and Kleitman conclude that dreaming takes place in REM rather then non-REM sleep. 2 marks detailed conclusion. Aim 3 tested. 45 terms. Are the eye movements random, or do their movements have some relationship to the . AS Psychology Dement and Kleitman (1957) Flashcards | Quizlet Dement & Kleitman BREAKDOWN.docx - Dement Kleitman Sleeping Dreaming AIMS APPARATUS USED APPLICATION TO LIFE CONTROLS ETHICS CONCLUSIONS IV\u2019S Psychology Q&A Library Dement and Kleitman topic. What was the conclusion of this study? 4.1.1. Describe how the data were collected in this study. Is there a positive correlation between subjective estimate of dream duration and the length of REM period before waking? Outline one quantitative result from the 'dream-duration estimates'. Dement and Kleitman (1957) - Study With Mehar sashasgirl. The results tell us that: REM occurs later in the sleep cycle, in stage 5 (2). Dement, the former student who is now director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Stanford University, said, "The main thing that Kleitman did was to create an identity for the field.". This study introduced the beginnings of the sleep staircase by measuring brain activity using an EEG. 5 were studied in depth and minimal amount of data was collected for the other four, hoping that the four would confirm . [2] 3.8.3.1. . PP's: Seven adult MALES and two adults FEMALES. 6 In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), participants were fitted with electrodes for the EEG (electroencephalogram). e.g. Is the direction of eye movement during REM related to dream content? Dement & Kleitman Study (sleep and dreaming) 19 terms. Dement And Kleitman 1957 Evaluation Report discipline vs abuse essays, trigger brothers surf report point leo caravan. This post presents and illustrates the Dement and Kleitman Research (sleep and dreams) as per the requirements of the IB IGCSE AS 9990 syllabus including the study's background, aims, research method, measured and manipulated variables, controls, sample characteristics, results, findings, conclusions, strengths and weaknesses, ethics, and . Dement and Kleitman study the psychology that is being investigated-Researchers are investigating to see there is a correlation between the pattern of eye movement and the content of dreams and to see if physiological aspects of REM sleep related to the participant's psychological experience of dreaming the background-Back in the 1950's, it was impossible for researchers to see if people . Other sets by this creator. This post presents and illustrates the Dement and Kleitman Research (sleep and dreams) as per the requirements of the IB IGCSE AS 9990 syllabus including the study's background, aims, research method, measured and manipulated variables, controls, sample characteristics, results, findings, conclusions, strengths and weaknesses, ethics, and evaluation. Dement and Kleitman (1957) In stages 1-2, EEG readouts record alpha and beta wave patterns in the brain accompanied by… (1961) SAAVEDRA and SILVERMAN (2002) PEPPERBERG (1987) Social Approach. (aggression). CONCLUSIONS OF DEMENT AND KLEITMAN. Subsequent studies have not supported Dement and Kleitman's findings that there is a relationship between eye movements and what the person is dreaming about However, the method was very tightly controlled. [10] 3.3.2. Dement And Kleitman Flashcards Preview Psychology AS YDN > Dement And Kleitman > Flashcards Flashcards in Dement And Kleitman Deck (16) . Dement & Kleitman Study (sleep and dreaming) 19 terms. (clearly based on Dement and Kleitman) 1 mark for who it would benefit/elaboration . Describe the relationship they were expecting and what they found. DC (LK) 152253/2 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over *6318782067* PSYCHOLOGY 9990/12 Paper 1 Approaches, Issues and . Aim: Will people recall more from REM sleep than NREM sleep? The aim, background, research method, design, procedure, results, conclusion, strengths and weaknesses. 20 terms. Conclusions . Natisaurr. Initially, these studies yielded results which were hard to reconcile with the psychological conclusions set out in this book. The amygdala affects memory (1 mark); . CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Shortly after Freud's death, the study of dreaming from the perspective of neuroscience began in earnest. Describe how the researchers first attempted to measure participants' estimations of REM sleep duration. . The occasional recall of dreams from nREM can be explained as memory of the previous stage of REM sleep . (2 marks) Because his scores on all tests (including first trial analyses) were sashasgirl. The p's guessed the duration for which they had been dreaming. 1. Identify two other applications to everyday life this study could have. 3.8.3. Other sets by this creator. Award 1 mark for stating an aim. William Dement was a medical student at Chicago, and in the fall of 1952 Kleitman assigned him to help Aserinsky with his overnight sleep studies. Suitable examples include: Sleep disorders; Insomnia. Question 2 : The candidate has selected the correct response. One of the problems researchers in sleep had was objectivity and mainly relied on self report which is subject to DCs and falsification of results/SDB. Bibliography. The study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreaming) involved participants self reports of dreams and the use of equipment to measure REM and NREM. Dreams are more likely to occur at the end of the night as REM time lasts longer. The conclusions that were reached by Dement and Kleitman have been replicated by many other researchers. Dreams occur only during REM sleep, which occurs reguraly throughout each night's sleep. Mark awarded = 1 out of 1 . Hypothesis 1) There is a significant association between REM and reported dreaming. , essay-writing and preparation of seminar papers. Demattè (Olfactory Cues) 4.1. The Dement and Kleitman Page Below is a very brief summary of the Dement and Kleitman study. Natisaurr. This is because dreams rarely recalled in NREM. 1 mark partial / brief. 2 terms. 4(a) In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), the procedure that the researchers first used to measure participants' estimations of REM sleep duration was unsuccessful and had to be revised. You can also find all of the past exam questions on Dement and Kleitman's study here. 3 From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): (a) Outline one conclusion about eye movement during REM sleep. Hypothesis 2) There is a significant positive correlation between the estimate of time spent dreaming and the measurement of ERM sleep. Dement and Kleitman (eye movement during dreaming) 31 terms. Identify one of the aims of the study on sleep and dreaming carried out by Dement and Kleitman. You will need to use the more detailed summary here to revise for the exam. Research Methods. AIM: To find out more about dreaming, specifically, find answers to the following questions: . Conclusions for condition 2? EEG electrodes were placed around the eyes to detect the eye movements. Conclusions. Demented and Kleptomania Hypothesis 1) There is a significant association between ERM and reported dreaming. In the study on sleep and dreaming, Dement . The more emotionally intense an image is, the more likely it will be remembered. For example, the researchers were able to control the location, sleeping time and the participants' use of stimulants Dement and Kleitman were two researchers in the 1950s who decided to put some of their ideas about dreaming to the test using physiological measures of the brain during sleep. . Adv Higher Spanish - Talking. Conclusion. 2. This great picture is of Nathaniel Kleitman serving as a subject in one of his own sleep . Below is a very brief summary of the Dement and Kleitman study. Explain the results you have described. Hypothesis 3) There is a relationship between the pattern of eye movement and the reported content of the . Other studies have confirmed that sleep follows a cycle of alternating periods of NREM and REM sleep. • Dement and Kleitman may not have interpreted all the dream reports in the same way = 1 mark • If Schachter and Singer's participants interpreted the scales differently, they could have appeared more happy/angry than other participants = 2 marks Note: These are only examples, there will be many other acceptable answers. Start studying Dement and Kleitman (1957). 3.3.1. REM occurs at regular intervals during the night (2). Describe the conclusions from the study by Bandura et al. 2 marks for detailed answer 1 mark for brief answer 1 mark brief conclusion 2 marks detailed conclusion e.g. This could be useful to help diagnose a (potential) sleep disorder in a patient . OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity - Dement, W. and Kleitman, N. (1957) Most people have heard of REM sleep, and many already know it is the stage where dreams occur, but what is the real relationship between eye movements and dreaming? This great picture is of Nathaniel Kleitman serving as a subject in one of his own sleep . DEMENT and KLEITMAN (1957) May 24, 2018 April 27, 2019 miadoesalevels. Name: Period: Date: AICE Psych: Core Study Breakdown Name of study: Dement & Kleitman Study Category: Cognitive Author(s) and year Dement & Kleitman (1957) Background of study (why was it done) In 1953 Aserinsky identified REM and NREM sleep. Other theories surrounding sleep and dreams recognise the importance of REM sleep. There is a significant relationship between subjects estimate of dream length and amount of time in REM 14 3(a) From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): Outline one conclusion about eye movement during REM sleep. Melatonin, a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, was discovered in 1958. To complete my notes, I propose (as the most suitable approach to the use of dreams) to try to keep co-present - even if it is hard work - the different levels that we have talked about. This post presents and illustrates the Dement and Kleitman Research (sleep and dreams) as per the requirements of the IB IGCSE AS 9990 syllabus including the study's background, aims, research method, measured and manipulated variables, controls, sample characteristics, results, findings, conclusions, strengths and weaknesses, ethics, and . 3. Conclusions Canli et al. Background: Aserinsky & Kleitman- found ps more likely to remember dreams if woken during periods of REM than other times (non-REM). A-Level Psychology (AS - 15 Core Studies (OCR)) Mind Map on Physiological Psychology - Dement & Kleitman (1957), created by Robyn Chamberlain on 14/04/2014. REM sleep is strongly associated with dreaming. This work culminated in a seminal paper in 1953 in which a new sleep state, REM sleep, was described and a correlation with dreaming hypothesized. Aserinsky & Kleitman: (1955) Found higher incidence of dream recall when PPs were woken up during REM sleep than in other periods of sleep Dement & Kleitman (1955) Also previously found that REM sleep seems to happen at regular intervals in relation to sleep cycles, as shown using EEGs Biological Approach (Dement & Kleitman, 1957) Dement and Kleitman (1957) investigated REM sleep to find out if it was related to dreaming. 1(a) From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): Name the stage of sleep when participants recalled most of their dreams. However, there is one methodological issue that should be considered. Demented and Kleptomania Hypothesis 1) There is a significant association between ERM and reported dreaming. Hypothesis 2) There is a significant positive correlation between the estimate of time spent dreaming and the measurement of REM sleep. Biological Approach (Dement And Kleitman 1957) • An Objective Method For The Study Of Dreaming" The Relation Of Eye Movements During Sleep To Dream Activity: While investigating the topics of sleep and dreaming have been difficult throughout the times because of factors such as no communication with the researcher and thus no control over . 7 males and 2 females. Dement W. C., Kleitman N. (1957). This post presents and illustrates the Dement and Kleitman Research (sleep and dreams) as per the requirements of the IB IGCSE AS 9990 syllabus including the study's background, aims, research method, measured and manipulated variables, controls, sample characteristics, results, findings, conclusions, strengths and weaknesses, ethics, and . AO1 - Ultradian sleep cycle The sleep cycle is an ultradian rhythm which lasts for about 90 minutes There are 5 stages to the cycle, and two parts of REM and NREM sleep The first 4 stages are NREM. REM periods increase in length as the night progresses (2). Elaboration: This is a strength because, research from Dement and Kleitman and Rechtschaffen and Kales can be seen to produce scientific and objective measures that allow research to draw firm conclusions about the specific characteristics associated with the different stages of sleep (e.g. PHYSIOLOGICAL Dement and Kleitman (1957) Sleep Aim: 1. 8 Candidates are asked to analyse Dement & Kleitman's (1957) study of sleep and dreams. The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity - Dement, W. and Kleitman, N. (1957) Most people have heard of REM sleep, and many already know it is the stage where dreams occur, but what is the real relationship between eye movements and dreaming? Explain who would benefit from these applications. Canli found an association between individual experiences of emotional intensity for stimuli with amygdala activation and memory. You must use data in your answer. [3] 4.1.2. CONCLUSIONS: Dreaming is reported in REM but not in NREM. 1 mark for correct answer. Can people tell the amount… After studying participants overnight and waking them up at different parts throughout their sleep, they found 80% of the participants reported to have been dreaming during the REM stage. Method: Three approaches used to test aim: REPEATED MEASURES DESIGN 1.Whether dream recall changes between REM and NREM sleep (Natural experiment in laboratory setting) IV = REM and non-REM sleep. Learn faster with spaced repetition. Conclusion. This post presents and illustrates the Dement and Kleitman Research (sleep and dreams) as per the requirements of the IB IGCSE AS 9990 syllabus including the study's background, aims, research method, measured and manipulated variables, controls, sample characteristics, results, findings, conclusions, strengths and weaknesses, ethics, and . Nathaniel . REM/paradoxical/5 1 1(b) Outline one dream reported by a participant that had vertical eye movements. The first major breakthrough came in 1953, when Aserinsky and Kleitman discovered a . Bar the obvious methodological faults in the study, Dement and Kleitman's research is still widely accepted today in psychology and results have . What did Dement and Kleitman conclude about the relationship between dream content and eye . 1 mark per correct point found an association between individual experiences of emotional intensity . The next year, another student of Dr. Kleitman discovered that sleep is cyclical in nature and that night-time sleep comprises several repeating cycles (Dement and Kleitman, 1957). 2 Question Answer . The Dement and Kleitman Page Below is a very brief summary of the Dement and Kleitman study. Dement recounted his excitement in his 1999 book . Award a maximum of 2 marks for evaluation of the study. brain activity, muscle acidity, eye activity) which . GROSS, R. (1999) Key Studies in Psychology, 3rd Edition. London: Hodder and Stoughton Welcome! 14 In 1957, Dement and Kleitman described the human sleep cycle of NREM sleep stages of increasing depth followed by periods of REM sleep, with the cycles repeating through the night. The culmination of this work came in 1957 when Dement and Kleitman defined the stages of sleep (see Chapter 2 of this report) (Dement and Kleitman, 1957) Dement & kleitman (1957) rem sleep and dreaming EVALUATION. Conclusion: A clinical proposal that combines those two complexities. 15 They . 2 marks - full answer 1 mark - partial/brief answer That an avian subject, an African Grey parrot, showed symbolic comprehension/cognitive ability of the concept same/different. Dement and Kleitman. Dement and Kleitman measured dream duration and the number of words used in dream narratives. 1 mark for the result 1 mark for using correct data e.g. This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages. Conclusions of the Dement and Kleitman Study. Physiological - Dement And Kleitman Flashcards Preview Psychology G452 > Physiological - Dement And Kleitman > Flashcards Flashcards in Physiological - Dement And Kleitman Deck (25) . Dement and Kleitman Research - Blogger The arithmetic mean is the most commonly used type of mean and is often referred to simply as "the mean." While the arithmetic mean is based on adding and dividing values, the geometric This will be band-marked as follows: Marks Description 5 One application suggested in depth and it is clear what the Dement and Kleitman. Dreams are not instantaneous events but they are experienced in "real time". Dement and Kleitman (1957) study on eye movements and dreaming. They had identified a objective way to measure dreaming and REM activity. Participants were more accurate at estimating 5 mins compared to 15 mins (1 mark) Does dream recall differ between REM and nREM stages of sleep? Bar the obvious methodological faults in the study, Dement and Kleitman's research is still widely accepted today in psychology and results have . Dement and Kleitman Aims: To investigate/study dreaming in an objective way by looking for the relationship between eye movements in sleep and the dream recall. 2. 1. Are the eye movements random, or do their movements have some relationship to the . Can people accurately estimate the duration of there dream? the Dement and Kleitman (1957) study tell us about REM sleep. Dement and Kleitman Hypothesis 2) There is a significant positive correlation between the estimate of time spent dreaming and the measurement of REM sleep. 3.9.1. e.g. No credit for any actual results. 1. Study Dement And Kleitman - (Sleep And Dreaming) flashcards from Melvyn Ramsamy's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Outline one other real-world application based on the results or conclusions from the study by Baron-Cohen et al. Imaging the abdomen. [2] 3.9. p's were woken after a single eye movement pattern lasted for more than one minute and asked to report their dream. Award a maximum of 2 marks for descriptions of the study. Dement and Kleitman (1957) Posted by Hunain Zia Categories Advanced Subsidiary Level (AS Level) , CAIE (Cambridge Assessment International Examination) , Free Education , Notes / Lectures / Study Material / Topic Explanations , Psychology (9990) From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): Name two things that participants were asked to do (or not to do) prior to the study 1 mark per correct statement From the study by Dement and Kleitman , it was concluded that it is most likely that we on dream during REM sleep. 0 marks = purely results . Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 339-46 . DEMENT and KLEITMAN (1957) SCHACHTER and SINGER (1962) . You can also find all of the past exam questions on Dement and Kleitman's study here. Outline one conclusion from this study. Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative data using the Dement and Kleitman study as an example. It is most likely that REM sleep is the only time we dream . Outline two conclusions that can be drawn from this data. In conclusion, the method used in Dement and Kleitman's study lacked validity, however it could be put down too technology of the time, as an EEG machine may have had to be used in a lab setting. Dementia. CONCLUSION: There is an association with the perceived emotional intensity of stimuli and the memory of it - the higher valance a picture has, the more likely it is to be remembered. Candidates can gain the full 8 marks for analysis. Candidates can gain analysis marks where they provide, for example . answer . e.g. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. yohannatorres. In conclusion, Dement and Kleitman's study of Sleep and dreams has been fundamental in the understanding of REM sleep and eye movements. Must be generic. 5(a) Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams) collected quantitative and qualitative data. You will need to use the more detailed summary here to revise for the exam. LukeH2004. Hypothesis 3) There is a relationship between the pattern of eye movement and . a conclusion). Dement and Kleitman. Outline how the three studies in this research were designed. . IV = REM and nREM sleep DV = dream recall 2. Discuss the extent to which the study by Dement and Kleitman is reductionist. Aim: To investigate dreaming in an objective way by looking for relationships between eye movements in sleep and dream recall. 2 marks Eye movements during REM tend to fit with what the dreamer is looking at Dement and Kleitman. 2. The relation of the eyes movements during sleep to . [3] . 1) There is a significant association . Conclusion • dreams are more likely to occur in REM • dreams often appear to "real time" . Eye movements during REM sleep correspond to where and at what, the dreamer is looking in the dream. . View Dement and Kleitman notes.docx from PSYCHOLOGY 101 at Somerset Academy Charter High School. William Dement and Nathaniel Kleitman carried out a study in 1957, in which they revealed a correlation between REM sleep and dream recollection. The answer clearly states an aim of the Dement and Kleitman study, showing sound subject knowledge. Will people be more likely to report dreams if they are woken in REM than NREM. DV = whether a dream… 1 State one aim from the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams). . 3 Explain one or more real-world applications of the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams). Dement and Kleitman (eye movement during dreaming) 31 terms. Dement, W. & Kleitman, N. (1957) The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: An objective method for the study of dreaming. Xavier_Korda. 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