High-level construals are abstract, superordinate, and decon-textualized representations, while low-level construals If an event is psychologically far (proxi- mal), an abstract (concrete) construal would manifest. This well-cited, but understudied finding has had a major influence on the construal level theory (CLT) literature: Likelihood is considered to be 1 of 4 psychological distances assumed to influence mental abstraction in similar ways (Trope & Liberman, 2010). In this comment to Trope, Liberman and Makslak's lead article, I refrain from any attempt to review or recapitulate the growing body of research in social psychology in general and in consumer science in particular that is explicitly devoted to construal level theory (CLT). Level It has direct applications in the process of learning and teaching. Individual Differences in Construal Level 解释水平理论（Construal Level Theory）是当前人格和 社会心理学 领域的一个重要理论，由时间解释水平理论( Temporal Construal Theory发展而来。时间解释水平理论由 Liberman. tive processes. ... Yaacov Trope. CLT proposes that the same event or object can be represented at multiple levels of abstraction (see Trope & Liberman, 2010, for a review). Narratives offer increased comprehension, interest, and engagement. It was identified as a new approach in consumer behavior by underline the association between construal level and psychological distance. 1,016 citations. Journal of Consumer Psychology: the Official Journal of the Society for Consumer Psychology, 17, 83. 3. Nonexperts get most of their science information from mass media content, which is itself already biased … The theory predicts how the psychological distance to a thing determines the abstraction of it. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. 75, 5-18. According to construal level theory (N. Liberman, Y. Trope, & E. Stephan, in press; Y. Trope & N. Liberman, 2003), people use a more abstract, high construal level when judging, perceiving, and predicting more psychologically distal targets, and they judge more abstract targets as being more psychologically distal. Journal of Consumer Psychology: the Official Journal of the Society for Consumer Psychology, 17, 83. 2014), evaluate products (Lamberton and Diehl 2007). Construal level theory (CLT) is a theory in social psychology that describes the relation between psychological distance and the extent to which people's thinking (e.g., about objects and events) is abstract or concrete. Although storytelling often has negative connotations within science, narrative formats of communication should not be disregarded when communicating science to nonexpert audiences. Construal level theory explains some important findings. Jan 26 Procrastination (Silk) 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Construal-Level Theory of Psychological Distance Paper , Research Paper by Nira Liberman , Yaacov Trope published in Psychological Review . Construal-level theory explains the connection between distance and levels of abstraction that people make in everyday cognition, such as the perception of a distant event or evaluation of a new product (Trope et al. A similar case can be made for construal level theory (Trope and Liberman, 2010), which suggests that psychological distance promotes abstraction rather than attention to individuating information. AU - Weisner, Martin Michael. Construal-level theory (CLT; Liberman & Trope, 1998, Liberman, Trope, & Stephan, 2007; Trope & Liberman, 2003) holds that greater psychological distance is associated with more abstract, higher-level construals, such that more distal objects are represented on a higher level, and also that objects represented on a higher level seem more distant. Furthermore, the differentiation of goals according to their level of abstraction overlaps to some extent with the difference between concrete and abstract mindsets described in Construal Level Theory (CLT, e.g., Trope and Liberman, 2010). 4. The science of affective forecasting stems from related work by Kahneman and Snell (1992) in the area of decision-making. Construal level theory (CLT) is a theory in social psychology that describes the relation between psychological distance and the extent to which people's thinking (e.g., about objects and events) is abstract or concrete. The effect of temporal distance on level of mental construal. In this work, these scholars refer to a practice known as hedonic forecasting, which refers to “implicit or explicit forecasts of utility that will be experienced at a later time” (Polyportis, Kokkinaki, Horváth, & Christopoulos, 2020). In par - ticular, it posits that thinking about events that are close (e.g., in time or space) induces a … niralib@post.tau.ac.il; Tel Aviv University. Although storytelling often has negative connotations within science, narrative formats of communication should not be disregarded when communicating science to nonexpert audiences. According to CLT, psychological distance is a major determinant of what level of construal is activated. In this chapter, we explore the possibility that values and moral principles are more prominent in judgments and predictions regarding psychologically more distant events. Anything that is not perceived directly is psychologically distant and thus requires mental construal in order to be represented in our mental system (Liberman & Trope, 2008; Liberman, Trope, & Stephan, 2007; Trope & Liberman, 2010).Past and future events, events that are … Age stereotype embodiment theory proposes that stereotypes are assimilated from the surrounding culture, ... (Stephan, Liberman, & Trope, 2011). And if you are deciding between two negative scenarios, the one that brings up the less vivid mental imagery tends to win out (Austin and Vancouver 1996, Trope and Liberman 2003, see also the rich literature on construal level theory and also on the effects of the vividness of mental imagery on future discounting, see Parthasarathi et al. Construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010) posits that whether the same action is represented at a high-level (vs. low-level) of construal depends on the presence 1 The term “AA” will be used to refer to plural agents (i.e., artificial agents) and “an AA” Pages 3-4 should present one follow-up ... Trope, Yaacov, Liberman, Nira (2010) Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Construal level theory, coined by Trope and Liberman (2010), asserts that abstract versus concrete thinking is deter- mined, in large, by psychological distance. It has direct applications in the process of learning and teaching. 3. For instance, the theory might predict the conditions under which individuals acquire racial prejudice. 4. In this chapter we apply Trope and Liberman’s construal-level theory (CLT) of psychological distance (see Liberman & Trope, 2008; Trope & Liberman, 2010) to fear of crime. For instance, the theory might predict the conditions under which individuals acquire racial prejudice. This ability has helped us to develop The largest body of contemporary research on cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral manifestations of mental abstraction is inspired by Construal Level Theory of psychological distance (Liberman & Trope, 2008; Trope & Liberman, 2012). Construal Levels and Psychological Distance: Effects on Representation，Prediction，Evaluation，and Behavior. OpenURL . W ith this point in mind, I hav e two goals. PY - 2015. At the most basic level, this means submitting only original work ... question, theory, methodology, contribution, etc.). This theory … First, the basics of construal-level theory. Accordingly, construal-level theory has been shown to account for a variety of differences in behavior exhibited by consumers. value. We experience only ourselves, here and now. 5. Psychological Review, Vol 117(2), Apr 2010, 440-463. In 2007, Liberman and colleagues discussed the links between construal level theory and consumer choice, better decision making, the nature of regret and choice set management. Abstract. According to construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003, 2010), people use baum, Trope, & Liberman, 2006). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory. Specifically, CLT is a theory that explains the relationship between psychological distance and level of construal. The earliest theoretical tradition to explain counterfactual thinking was norm theory (Kahneman & Miller, 1986), which specified exemplar-based processing of base-rates as the key determinant.Counterfactual generation was described in terms of the momentary activation in memory of exemplars of past similar experiences. The cognitive load theory deals with the resources needed to process information. If results are consistent with the theory, confidence in its accuracy is increased. At the most basic level, this means submitting only original work ... question, theory, methodology, contribution, etc.). Construal level theory (CLT) is a theory in social psychology that describes the relation between psychological distance and the extent to which people's thinking (e.g., about objects and events) is abstract or concrete. One means to further explore these effects is via the concept of psychological distance as defined by construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010). 5. For example, construal can influence which features consumers value in product choice (Trope and Liberman 2010), how they mentally organize (Lee et al. In 2007, Liberman and colleagues discussed the links between construal level theory and consumer choice, better decision making, the nature of regret and choice set management. to construal level theory (Y. Trope & N. Liberman, 2003), should lead to more abstract information processing. Near events are rep-resented at a lower level construal, defined as concrete, specific and detailed. According to Construal Level Theory (CLT; Liberman & Trope, 2008; Trope & Liberman, 2010), level of abstraction (or construal) is related to psychological distance. These predictions, known as hypotheses, are then tested by actual research. Thus, Hypothesis 3 was supported. Construal levels and psychological distance: Effects on representation, prediction, evaluation, and behavior. The relationship between individual differences in construal level and self-control, including procrastination was investigated by examining the following hypotheses. 1) People with high level of construal would procrastinate less when learning a task than those with low level of construal; and 2) theories of intelligence would moderate the effect of construal level on procrastination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. For example, employees are less likely to perceive a proposed initiative as desirable, if this development could be introduced in the immediate--rather than remote--future (Eyal, Liberman, Trope, & Walther, 2004). Construal Levels and Psychological Distance: Effects on Representation，Prediction，Evaluation，and Behavior. Recent work on Construal Level Theory ( CLT) provides a framework of considerable potential by linking mental representations to moral judgment. The proximity to a context suggests how near or far aperson is from that context. 解释水平理论（construal level theory - clt）认为，人对远心理距离的事物会倾向于用高解释水平表征，即用主要、核心、本质、去背景化的特征来表征事物，而对近心理距离的事物则倾向于用低解释水平表征，即用次要、辅助、非本质、边缘化、细节化、背景化的特征来表征事物。 Jan 26 Procrastination (Silk) THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. We will look at the definition, types, and applications of cognitive load in this article. Most important, the commentaries strengthen our conviction that consumer behavior provides a fertile ground for theoretical amplification and practical application of psychological theories, in general, and construal level theory, in particular. This perspective is derived from construal level theory (CLT; see Trope & Liberman, 2010, for a review), which offers one perspective on when high-level construal will be favored over relatively more low-level construal. The difference was statistically significant on the 0.01 level in all the other comparisons with the exception of M1 when it was significant on the 0.05 level. The present research demonstrated that associations between … Temporal distance #2: Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. CLT explores the mechanisms through which individuals are capable of experiencing and expressing reactions to events that are not present in their immediate context. According to construal level theory (N. Liberman, Y. Trope, & E. Stephan, in press; Y. Trope & N. Liberman, 2003), people use a more abstract, high construal level when judging, perceiving, and predicting more psychologically distal targets, and they judge more abstract targets as being more psychologically distal. Psychologische Distanz: Mentalen Abstand gewinnen. A low-level construal conveys specific features of a stimulus, the implications of which are often context specific, whereas a high-level construal conveys a more global, de-contextualized representation of the stimulus. Central to construal-level theory is the argument that the This theory … Trope Y，Liberman N，Wakslak C. (2007). The effects of time perspective and level of construal on social distance. (See Trope and Liberman, Construal-Level Theory of Psychological Distance (2010) 117 Psychological Review 440. H. Lieberman’s, and J. Troup’s Construal-Level Theory of Psychological Distance is widely known in the English sources of social psychology. Correspondence should be addressed to Nira Liberman, Deparment of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. 解释水平理论（construal level theory - clt）认为，人对远心理距离的事物会倾向于用高解释水平表征，即用主要、核心、本质、去背景化的特征来表征事物，而对近心理距离的事物则倾向于用低解释水平表征，即用次要、辅助、非本质、边缘化、细节化、背景化的特征来表征事物。 Second, there is the Theory of Planned Behavior, which is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen, 1991; Tajvidi & Karami, 2021). Furthermore, the differentiation of goals according to their level of abstraction overlaps to some extent with the difference between concrete and abstract mindsets described in Construal Level Theory (CLT, e.g., Trope and Liberman, 2010). W ith this point in mind, I hav e two goals. The earliest theoretical tradition to explain counterfactual thinking was norm theory (Kahneman & Miller, 1986), which specified exemplar-based processing of base-rates as the key determinant.Counterfactual generation was described in terms of the momentary activation in memory of exemplars of past similar experiences. CLT proposes that as entities become psychologically distal vis-à-vis the self in the here-and-now, they will be increasingly thought of configurally and abstractly. Research Report Spatial Distance and Mental Construal of Social Events Kentaro Fujita,1 Marlone D. Henderson,1 Juliana Eng,1 Yaacov Trope,1 and Nira Liberman2 1New York University and 2Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ABSTRACT—Construal-level theory proposes that increas- ing the reported spatial distance of events leads individu- cretely) construed. 解释水平理论（Construal Level Theory）是当前人格和 社会心理学 领域的一个重要理论，由时间解释水平理论( Temporal Construal Theory发展而来。时间解释水平理论由 Liberman. The core idea of the construal-level theory (Liberman et al., 2002; Liberman & Trope, 2008; Trope & Liberman, 2010) consists of a continuum from a very concrete to a very abstract mode of thinking (often also referred to as concrete versus abstract mind-set). See also. Thus, high power should be associated with more abstract thinking focusing on primary aspects of stimuli and detecting patterns and structure to extract the gist, as well as categorizing stimuli at a higher level relative to low power. 1.1 Temporal construal Construal Level Theory (CLT) proposes that temporal distance determines how future events are mentally rep-resented (Trope & Liberman, 2003). See also. Trope, Y., Liberman, N., & Wakslak, C. (2007). The cognitive load theory deals with the resources needed to process information. Construal level theory (CLT) specifically proposes that mental construal involves abstraction and that temporal distance is one of the factors that determine the level of abstraction ( Liberman & Trope, 1998; Trope & Liberman, 2000 ). Nira Liberman. Construal Level theory (Liberman & Trope, 2014; Trope & Liberman, 2010) focuses on how events that are psycho-logically close or distant are interpreted, or construed. Construal Level Theory is a unifying theory that connects mental abstraction to the proximity of the context. Von psychologischer Distanz (Construal Level Theory genannt) spricht man wiederum im Zusammenhang von mentaler Abstraktion. Wherein, it is used to explain various phenomena and cognitive memory research, perception and categorization. ... (Liberman & Trope, 1998). Trope Y，Liberman N，Wakslak C. (2007). PART TWO: COGNITIVE LEVEL OF ANALYSIS Automaticity Theory John Bargh Accessibility Theory Tory Higgins Impulse Theory Fritz Strack and Roland Deutsch Construal Level Theory Yaacov Trope and Nira Liberman Attribution Theory Bernard Weiner Cognitive Structure Theory Robert Wyer Balance Logic Theory Chester Insko Contrary to construal-level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010), manipulations of mental construal mindset and temporal distance had no impact We conclude with a general discussion of our theoretical contributions to construal-level theory (Trope and Liberman 2003), grounded cognition (Bargh 2006; Barsalou 1999), and the emerging literature on the effect of subtle contextual cues on consumer decisions (Baker et al. The role of feasibility and desirability in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal distance on level of construal. CLT distinguishes between high-level mental construals and low-level mental construals. [2] Liberman, Nira, & Trope, Yaacov (1998). )When you look at an object in the distance and look at the same object nearby, you focus on different features. Von psychologischer Distanz (Construal Level Theory genannt) spricht man wiederum im Zusammenhang von mentaler Abstraktion. 3. The science of affective forecasting stems from related work by Kahneman and Snell (1992) in the area of decision-making. Several studies have revealed that the degree of abstraction has essential consequences for human … Construal levels and psychological distance: Effects on representation, prediction, evaluation, and behavior. abstraction at different points in time; Liberman & Trope, 2014). @ARTICLE{Trope10construallevel, author = {Yaacov Trope and Nira Liberman}, title = {Construal level theory of psychological distance}, journal = {Psychological Review}, year = {2010}, pages = {440--463}} Share. We plan to replicate Study 1. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. In social psychology area, a new theory was introduced by Trope and Liberman in the 90’s, namely construal level theory (CLT). Researchers are trying to establish links between construal, self and economics. Construal Level Theory of psychological distance. The second-highest factor on all the tiers was the social factor, ranging from 16.74 percent on the wholesale tier to 21.75 percent on the retail tier. There is an advantage of the ability to construct an abstract representation. Construal Level Theory (CLT, e.g., Trope & Liberman, 2010) provides a guide to the establishment of such conditions. abstractness or generality. 75, 5-18. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135(4), 609-622. In this work, these scholars refer to a practice known as hedonic forecasting, which refers to “implicit or explicit forecasts of utility that will be experienced at a later time” (Polyportis, Kokkinaki, Horváth, & Christopoulos, 2020). 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